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Aluminum is considered non-essential to\naquatic life since they do not need it to function. However, elevated levels of\naluminum can affect some species ability to regulate ions which can affect\nessential functions like breathing and can lead to death in fish species.\n\nBiostimulatory Conditions\n\nBiostimulatory conditions (also referred to as\nbiostimulatory substances), are water quality conditions that facilitate\nunwanted growth of aquatic plants, algae, and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).\nFactors that affect biostimulatory conditions include nutrient loads, organic\nmatter loads, light availability, temperature, physical habitat alteration and\nhydromodification. Harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria can result from\nbiostimulatory conditions and can cause harm to humans and animals through the\nproduction of cyanotoxins. Excess aquatic growth, commonly known as\neutrophication, can dramatically alter oxygen levels in water and harm aquatic\nlife.  \n\nBoron\n\nBoron is a non-metallic naturally occurring element\nfound in rocks, soil and water. Boron can enter water bodies from both\nnaturally occurring and human processes. Acute exposure can cause a variety of\nhealth impacts in humans and animals.\n\nCopper\n\nCopper is a naturally occurring element found in the earth\u2019s\ncrust. It is also found in mining operations and agricultural runoff. Dissolved\ncopper in waterbodies binds to particulate matter to reduce bioavailability. Low\npH and low hardness increase copper leaching from pipes. Increased\nbioavailability leading to high copper causes gill damage, reduces growth, and\nincreases death in fish.\n\nCyanobacteria\n\nCyanobacteria hepatotoxic microcystins are a class of\ncyanotoxins that mainly affect the liver. Acute health effects from incidental\ningestion or inhalation of microcystins include abdominal pain, headache, sore\nthroat, vomiting and nausea, dry cough, diarrhea, liver inflammation and\nhemorrhage, and pneumonia. Cyanotoxins can also cause rashes, blisters, and\nother irritation through contact with the skin. Some scientific studies have\nimplicated cyanotoxins with tumor growth promotion.\n\nDissolved Oxygen\n\nDissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is\npresent in water. Bodies of water receive dissolved oxygen from the atmosphere\nand aquatic plants. Faster waters typically hold more dissolved oxygen than\nstill waters like a pond. Dissolved oxygen levels must meet a certain threshold\nfor aquatic organisms to survive.\n\nIndicator Bacteria\n\nIndicator bacteria are used to measure the potential\npresence of fecal material and associated fecal pathogens. They are bacteria\nthat are normally prevalent in the feces of warm-blooded animals including\nhumans, farm animals, pets, and wildlife. High presence of indicator bacteria show\nthat high levels of fecal matter may be in the water body, increasing the\nlikelihood of human illness during water contact recreation.\n\nManganese\n\nManganese is a naturally occurring element that is an\nessential nutrient for humans and animals. Although it is an essential nutrient\nin low doses, chronic exposure to high doses can be harmful. These health\neffects depend on a variety of factors including the exposure pathway; chemical\nform; and the age and nutritional status of an exposed individual. In most\ncases high manganese concentration affects the human nervous system.\n\nMercury\n\nMercury often enters waterbodies from air sources like\ncoal-fired power plants whose particulates settle into nearby waters or from\nlegacy mining operations. Improper handling and disposal of products containing\nmercury could also release it into the air and water. When a waterbody is\nimpaired for mercury, mercury can bioconcentrate in fish and other aquatic\norganisms. Their consumption poses a human health risk, particularly if the\nchemical form is methylmecury, which causes a variety of severe human illnesses.\n\nNickel\n\nNickel is a commonly occurring metal in surface waters.\nCertain conditions in the waterbodies may chemically alter nickel into a state\nthat is toxic to living things. In this toxic state, nickel can affect tissue\nmembranes like the gills of fish.\n\nPesticides\n\nPesticides\u2014chemicals used to control insects, weeds, and fungi\u2014can enter surface and groundwater through agricultural runoff, urban stormwater, and leaching from treated areas. In water systems, they often persist as both parent compounds and biologically active degradation products, threatening drinking water supplies and aquatic ecosystems by disrupting organism health and biodiversity. pH\n\npH is an expression of hydrogen ion concentration in water.\nLow pH refers to acidic solutions, while high pH refers to basic solutions. The\npH of a water body can alter the chemical state of many pollutants; this can\nincrease exposure to and toxicity of metals and nutrients to aquatic plants and\nanimals.\n\nPhosphorus\n\nPhosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth.\nPhosphorus is bound to sediment and can enter waterbodies from erosion.\nExcessive phosphorus load into waterbodies can cause increased growth of\ncyanobacteria, algae, and aquatic plants which can result in decreased levels\nof oxygen, which harms aquatic organisms. High levels of phosphorus can also\nlead to harmful algal blooms of cyanobacteria that can have negative impacts on\nhuman and animal health.\n\nSediment\n\nSediment pollution refers to suspended organic and inorganic\nmatter that is largely contributed by erosion of soil. Sediment pollution can\nclog aquatic organism gills and impact their life cycle negatively. Sediment\nloads can also increase the cost of drinking water and can result in odor and\ntaste problems. Additionally, toxic chemicals become attached to sediment\nparticles that may be released into the environment.\n\nSodium\n\nSodium is a highly reactive and generally highly water-soluble\nmetal that occurs in compounds with other elements in mineral deposits.\nIncreased sodium may mobilize contaminants such as metals and nutrients, which\ncan increase toxicity for aquatic life. High sodium concentrations in water can\ncause stress and death in fish.\n\nSpecific Conductivity\n\nSpecific conductivity is a measure of the ability of water\nto pass an electrical current. Because dissolved salts and other inorganic\nchemicals conduct electrical current, conductivity increases as salinity\nincreases. Conductivity is also affected by temperature: the warmer the water,\nthe higher the conductivity.\n\nTemperature\n\nHigher than ideal temperatures can cause issues for aquatic\nlife in cold water habitats. Warmer waters also have decreased capacity for\ndissolved oxygen. Metals and other toxins are also more easily dissolved into\nwarmer waters and can increase toxicity of some substances to aquatic\norganisms.\n\nTotal Dissolved Solids\n\nTotal dissolved solids are dissolved solids that may include\norganic and inorganic materials such as metals, minerals, salts, and\nions.  A high concentration of total dissolved solids may affect water\ntreatment and have adverse effects upon consumption. Levels of total solids\nthat are too high or too low can also reduce the efficiency of wastewater\ntreatment plants, as well as the operation of industrial processes that use raw\nwater.\n\n \n\nGeneral Point of Contact: \n\nLance Le, Water Resource\nControl Engineer \n\nEmail:\nLance.Le@waterboards.ca.gov\n\n \n\nIntegrated Report\nContact: \n\nMary Bartholomew, Environmental\nScientist\n\nEmail: Mary.Bartholomew@waterboards.ca.gov\n\n \n\nDescription Sources:\n\nhttps://www.epa.gov/wqc\n\nhttps://www.waterboards.ca.gov/plans_policies/\n\nhttps://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/water_quality_assessment/",
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